Wastelander

I could see that, although I haven't seen anything written to suggest that was the case. Certainly plausible, though. My own pet theory is that some of it derived from boredom--many Peichin were tasked with guarding temples, palaces, and gardens, which would be a rather peaceful occupation most of the time, after the Ryukyu Unification. I could easily see highly trained martial artists/nobles being bored and picking up the gardener's kuwa or kama and start trying things out . Of course, there is no written evidence to suggest that is the origin, either, but it's just as plausible, to me.

There are similar-looking items that were used as a grain thrasher and millstone handle, but I find that to be a retcon. Nunchaku were likely some conglomerate of the iron flails of China and the horse bridles of Okinawan nobles. Tonfa come from Siam/Thailand, and are called "mae sawk" (arm shields) there. As for the concealed weapons, what was the point? The Japanese had specifically signed an edict allowing Okinawan nobility to keep and carry weapons appropriate to their station, and only banned firearms. Okinawan nobles could confidently march through any checkpoint with their swords, spears, and whatever else, no problem. It's easy to claim that bo, jo, hanbo, etc. are peasant weapons, because they are essentially just sticks. That doesn't change the fact that the standard issue weapon for guards at Shuri Castle were octagonal hardwood bo, with the faces painted alternating red and white.

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Congratulations to all!

Without knowing your definition of "bone power," it is hard to say. Bones do not actually generate power, but they do transfer it, and in that regard, we incorporate the study of bone alignment as part of chinkuchi. Essentially, trying to ensure that the joints of the body move in such a way, and the bones line up in such a way, that power is transferred as efficiently and safely as possible.

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The trouble with that is one of the timeline. That absolutely did happen...during the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th Century. I don't think we can necessarily say that the masters during that time period were wholly responsible for developing karate/kobudo. That was the start of systematizing them, though. Prior to that, even after the Japanese invasion in 1609, they allowed the Okinawan government and nobility to remain in place, so that Okinawa would act as a Japanese tributary state, and a go-between for trade with China, since that was prohibited on mainland Japan.

Welcome to the forum! I would definitely say that online training is NOT a replacement for in-person training, and if you have the ability to train in person, that would be vastly better. That said, online is better than nothing, if you have an interest. Just remember that the training you will be doing is not of equal standing, so to speak, as in-person training, because you can't get the same direct feedback and assistance.

Congratulations, and thanks, Alex! You have definitely made a huge contribution to this forum, not just in content, but in the way you engage with members and staff

Can you send out a mailer? Those can canvas a wide area, and adults are the ones who will generally be seeing them, so as long as the mailer is targeted at an adult audience, it seems like a good place to start. Can you get the boxing club or MMA club to host you as a guest instructor, here and there, for cross-training purposes for the people who want to develop their kicks? That might generate some interest from those folks, so they would start doing both, especially given some of the kicks that are becoming popular in MMA competition in recent years. Can you set up seminars at the local college? That might generate interest, in short bursts, for people wanting to get involved in something active. Can you use Olympic TKD marketing materials or strategies to assist your current approach? That might help pull in younger adults, with a mind for competition. Just throwing out some ideas.

Repetition is necessary to refine movement and build skills, but personally, I feel that there is a tipping point where repetition is no longer helpful. Generally, that is when you are no longer able to repeat a technique properly.

We do many types of sparring, although I will admit that number of types has been diminishing over time, since my Sensei passed away last December. Even before that, though, we didn't do bogu kumite. My Sensei did a lot of it when he was younger, and competed in it pretty frequently, doing very well. I'm honestly not sure why he didn't have us do it--he seemed to like it well enough. Like aurik, I used to train Shuri-Ryu in Central Illinois, so I was exposed to bogu kumite, there, initially. Unfortunately, I didn't get the chance to try it because, at the time, I wasn't a high enough rank for the chief instructor to allow it. By the time I was a high enough rank, I ended up moving out of the state. In KishimotoDi, there is occasional bogu kumite, but it is less "freestyle" and more focused on self defense, somewhat like an old-school "Redman" or "Bullet" suit. I haven't participated in that, though, since I'm basically a lone bastion of KishimotoDi here in the US, aside from a guy in Florida, which isn't exactly nearby. Personally, I'm a little torn on the idea of bogu kumite, myself. The use of headgear has recently been discontinued for boxing by the IOC because it hasn't been shown to reduce concussions, and may actually result in MORE concussions, because it makes the head a larger, easier-to-hit target, and adds mass to the head, making it harder to absorb a strike to the head without rocking the head. The body armor can certainly be beneficial, certainly, but at the potential cost of developing toughness, and the ability to take a hit and keep fighting. I wouldn't want to rely on sparring in armor as the ONLY method of sparring for that reason, although it would certainly have its place. I truly am of the opinion that there is not, and should not be, just ONE method of sparring in the dojo. Every sparring method has limitations, and compromises, but by viewing sparring as a training method, rather than a skill unto itself, it is pretty easy to incorporate a variety of types of sparring to cover a broader set of skills and situations and characteristics.

No, although when I tried wrestling in Junior High School, the coach hated me, and never taught me how to actually DO anything, preferring instead to give me no instruction, at all, and partner me with guys who were two years older and several weight classes heavier to have them beat me up for a couple hours, several times a week. I put up with that for 2 months before I quit--it's honestly a wonder I ever even considered joining martial arts after that experience. I wouldn't call him an exceptional teacher, by any stretch of the imagination, but his character was pretty terrible.

There is no way for us to know what the "original" version of any kata looked like, unless that kata was developed in the modern era, so we can't answer that question for any of the koryu kata, pure and simple. We can say which versions, probably, more closely resemble the "original," based on examples that we have in the modern era--for example, a modern Shotokan student could look back at videos from the 1970's to compare their kata, then look at Funakoshi Gigo's reprint of his father's book in the 1950's to compare, then look at Funakoshi Gichin's original books from the 1930's to compare, and see a progression from what Funakoshi Gichin learned on Okinawa to what it is today, and one could say that the versions in Funakoshi Gichin's original books likely resemble the "originals" more closely because they are not as far removed from the Okinawan martial arts practices they came from. Of course, as you say, every teacher makes changes, and that was likely just as true of the instructors who developed the kata as it is of the ones passing it down. We know, for a fact, that it happened with Miyagi Chojun and his Goju-Ryu kata, for a modern-ish example. I even see changes, year-to-year, in the organization I am a part of, although a lot of people in the organization still insist "it's always been done this way," whenever a change starts to make its way through. An easy example I can give is from Pinan Yondan, which has a low uke-waza after the initial opening postures to the left and right, which has flip-flopped between a sasae-gedan-barai and a gedan-juji-uke about four times just in the 8 years I've been in the organization, but "it's never changed" .

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Given your description, it sounds like you mostly want something that would be challenging but "fitting" for her, which would be fun/cool to practice. I know Pinan/Heian Godan has been mentioned, but honestly I think Enpi would probably be more fun for her. You could always just add a jump to another kata, but I know you were looking into steering things back toward your Shotokan roots.

True its main purpose is to develop power and teach proper body mechanics, however it can not be denied that the bodies natural weapons do over time become conditioned with it's use. I understand what you are saying and do agree with you but it does also serve this function albeit not its main function. It does offer that positive side benefit. Like swimming has the side benefit of not drowning while learning how to swim. Very true. Although not intended for the purpose it does yield the results. Obviously there are also other methods, even better methods, to achieve the goal of conditioning. However after 41 yrs in my art and around 40 years of Makiwara training I can tell you that if done correctly it is an effective conditioning tool as well as a way to learn proper power generation, positioning and body mechanics. I strike mine at least four times a week for a minimum of three hours (using all weapons) and have realized the results. Personally I feel, if done correctly, it is the safest way to condition the weapons of the body that other means would over time cause damage (ie: arthritis and joint damage) mainly due to its somewhat giving properties and the fact that it teaches/forces you to strike correctly. After 40 years I have no ill effects and can strike whatever I want without fear of destroying or damaging the weapon. Just my 2 cents. Oh, it definitely does condition the body, over time. The reason I specify that the intent of the makiwara is not conditioning is because many people--probably the MAJORITY of people, if we're being honest--believe that the makiwara's primary purpose is toughening the striking surfaces of the body, and because they use it as such, they make their makiwara too stiff, or with the wrong type of padding (if any), and end up damaging their bodies.

Kobudo includes spears, swords, and a short spear/long knife and shield combo, which are all pretty definitively martial. The bo is actually a bit more than just a wooden stick--it was a status symbol for the guards of Shuri Castle, for example, with those people carrying octagonal bo with every other face painted red and white. Octagonal bo will do some serious damage to a person, thanks to the edges, and are not terribly dissimilar from the spears they might upgrade to, if needed. Sai are historically a police weapon in China, and they are the same on Okinawa--they were the equivalent of our modern police batons, so they were more focused on "less-than-lethal" force with those, and they were also used as symbols of station of those in the peacekeeping ranks. Nunchaku are horse bridles, and I rather suspect that using them as a weapon came about from either necessity (somebody was attacked while repairing their horse bridle and used it in the moment) or boredom (soldiers spend more time traveling and camping than actually fighting). The same could be said for various other weapons, such as the kama (sickle), given that many of the nobles were responsible for guarding gardens.

The only thing I will add, here, is that the makiwara IS NOT A CONDITIONING TOOL. I've written articles on the makiwara, a number of times, and I have to point this out each time, because it is a very pervasive myth. Your makiwara is not just a post to beat on until your hands get tougher, it is for developing your structure, and should function like a spring--if it doesn't flex, it won't do the job.

This is a subject that I, and others, have mentioned numerous times in various threads, but since it keeps coming up here and there, I figured it might not hurt to consolidate thoughts on it into one thread. So, who developed karate/kobudo? Popular belief is that farmers and fishermen, after having their weapons taken away by the invading Japanese, began training with their empty hands and their farming/fishing tools in order to defend themselves from the sword-wielding Satsuma samurai, but they had to train in secret, because martial arts were banned. It's a very cool story, and would make for a great movie, which is why it is so popular, but it's not true. The truth is that nobles were the ones who developed karate/kobudo, not commoners, and while the common folk weren't allowed to have weapons (which was a rule put in place by the king of Okinawa nearly 200 years before the Japanese invaded), the nobility was most certainly armed. Even after the Japanese invaded, the only weapons they banned were firearms, because the Japanese had been first introduced to them by the Okinawans, and then used them to overpower the island nation. Martial arts practice was also not banned, it was just not allowed to be done publicly, or in large groups. Both the firearms ban and the public restriction on martial arts was to make it harder for resistance groups to build up a revolution, but this did not really impact the nobles, at all, as they already did their martial arts training fairly privately, and got to keep all of their other weapons. If we think about this, logically, it makes sense, even if it isn't as easy to romanticize. If you lived on a subtropical island, and your livelihood was based on farming or fishing, you would, most likely, spend most of your time doing those activities in order to provide for your family. That doesn't leave much time or energy to learn, much less develop, a martial art, especially in any attempt to fight against Japanese samurai, who had been trained for war their entire lives. Nobles, though, tended to have more time on their hands. On top of that, we know, for a fact, that the nobility on Okinawa was responsible for security and peacekeeping activities--they made up the royal body guards, palace/temple/garden guards, military leadership, and police. It makes perfect sense for such people to be practicing martial arts, as it is a key component of their jobs. It isn't a very romantic notion, to say that rich, entitled nobles, whose rights were actually protected by the invading rulers, developed the arts that we practice today, but I believe that unfortunate truths are more important than pretty lies.

To be perfectly honest, I would like to see kumite that is actually reflective of the methods shown in kata, but that doesn't look pretty, so it won't take off. If we are going to stick with a sport karate kumite format, then I would essentially like to see the same things that MAfreak described. You would have to make it continuous instead of point-stop to really make that work, though. I also hate the criteria for a scoring technique--it has to make contact at full extension, meaning you have NOTHING left to actually deliver impact if you need to, so you are purposely training at the wrong distance. You can see a perfect example of this in this video from a WKF medalist: Even if you are going to keep the contact light and controlled, you shouldn't count techniques that have nothing left on them like that. That isn't "control," it's just being too far away. Have people have to get into the right range to be able to strike hard, and just stop the strike short, if you want control.

Welcome to the forum

Welcome to the forum

Welcome to the forum

For what it's worth, the English "reverse hand" would be "gyaku-te" in Japanese, which is something else, entirely