I find it frustrating that there are still karate people out there who think mokuso has anything to do with religious or spiritual practices. Mokuso is not a ritual. It is part of training and an exercise in focus and awareness. Both are essential for quick response to an imminent threat. If you are less than 100 percent aware of your surroundings and ready to move when you are doing mokuso, then you are doing it wrong and without purpose. This is my okinawan sensei explanation and to emphasize his point he will randomly test us in mokuso by suddenly grabbing our neck and pulling forward. Woe be he who does not immedialty break away and counter. In karate everything has a defense /counter application. Even if it does not appear that way. People who think it is religious/spiritual ascribe it that meaning because they are ignorant or were taught without explanation of the true purpose.