I am just going to respond to the person that said that Kupigana is a fraud. I have studies both Karate and Kupigana and Kupigana does not have any Karate in it at all. In fact all movement are circular not linear. Kuiganana deal with animal fighting such as "simba" the lion and lions do not come from Asia they come from Africa. Kupigana studies animals that are in their surrounding. In fact the Oriental people are studying an Africa science. Martial arts are for the masses of people not for the elite warrior. The elite warrior will study Kupigana Ngumi which one are you? The Kupigana warrior are "spiritual warriors or warrior priest" not sport fighter. In fact my teacher has probably been studying fighting systems for over 30+ yrs. A quote from my teacher reads "From 1965 to 1968,while attending J.P Stevens High School, I was a county , district and regional champion in wrestling. My team was undefeated and was “State champion” all three years. As a junior and senior, He was “All County” and “All State” Champion in football and track. Team sport kept him in excellent condition for martial arts. From 1967 to 1971, He trained Bondo under the great teacher, Mfundishi Massi. In 1968, He received 36 scholarships as a “Scholar Athlete”, from High school. He attended Norfolk State College, Norfork, Virgin, where He received a Bachelor of Arts in History, specializing in African and African American History. He continued his martial arts training and simultaneously became a “Virginia State Wrestling Champion” for three consecutive years. He also studied Judo while attending Norfolk State. After graduating in 1971, He started training in Chinese Sholin Kung Fu under Grand Master William Chung. He excelled to the level of Eighth Degree Black Belt (red sash), in the Chinese Shaolin Hung Fu Federation. In 1972, while attending Rutgers University, He pursued His Master Degree in Philosophy of Education, specializing in African studies. In that same year, He began teaching Kung Fu on the Livingston Campus of Rutgers University. In 1978 He founded Black Gold Afrikan Kultural Arts Center in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and started teaching Kupigana Ngumi (African Martial Arts) and African Philosophy. In 1985, He was promoted to Malenga (Physical and Spiritual Leader) in Kupigana Ngumi Afrikan Martial Arts Philosophy. Between 1971 and 1986, He traveled several times to the Afrikan continent with Dr Ben Jochannan, visting Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. He has independently traveled extensively throughout east and west Afrika visiting Tanzania, Kenya, Zaire(Congo), Ghana,Nigeria,Togo, Benin,IvoryCoast,Senegal, Gambia and many others(a total of 23 countries to date). During his travels, He continued to study, history, ourstory, religion, spirituality, philosophy and martial arts. while keeping abreast with his martial arts, He attained over 150 trophies and became "Grand Champion" over 15 times in fighting,5 times in weapons and 21 times in form or Kata, in the Americas, Caribbean Islands and abroad. In 1987, He performed before the Royal Court in Ethiopia, as well as studied with a Coptic Priest and was awarded a special sword from the family of Haile Selassie as a “Warrior Priest”. The person that replies with English names knows their America name. I would like for that person to tell me what do their Afrikan names mean? Or can that person tell me how many names were given to "Nsut Bitty"? Again Kupigan Nugumi is a vast science. In 1989, He began teaching Kupigana Ngumi in New York City. On his 40th Earth day He became a Makondae Chief in Tanzania, His homeland, and also that same year a Nana Chief among the Ashante in Ghana, in 1993, the Kupigana Ngumi Pan Afrakan Federation promoted him to the rank of Mfundishi, Grand Master in the Afrakan Martial Arts.If you are interested in finding out more call me at 718.467.1304 Amen