a hit to the throat is an immediate end of the fight. but, i can say from several times of experience, it is extremely painful (not to be taken lightly) and very easily a kill shot, not to be used unless absolutely necessary
where to start... XMA style bo, kamas, and nunchakus, a century hanging bag, gloves, martial armor L2 (can anyone give me a product review on that?), and P2 sparring gear, new sais, new black belt, new uniform... the list goes on....
I use to be always intimidated by the Kama, I would always thought that I would end up embedding them into my knee one a certain jump back in Okuta Gawa No Kama. But I got over it, I did how ever put sai into my foot though...hurt like a (explicitly deleted)...haha. i've dropped a sai AND kama on my foot before... i wouldnt recommend either. as for whacking yourself in the head with a bo... i did that all the time now im getting recommendations for diamond competition with it
your instructor is right, the foot should be pointing away. as for the pain in your hip, make sure you roll your hip fully, so you're perfectly straight
reguardless of rank, theres some rounds of sparring. Depending on rank, the harder the judges go on you, and they're always within the same ranking class. (this is for tae kwon do)